In situ cold recycling technology can use most or all of the old asphalt layer to effectively reduce environmental pollution and improve the economy of pavement construction. However, in terms of key technologies such as the matching of working parameters of construction equipment, the grading control of aggregate particle size, and the asphalt performance recovery of old asphalt mixture, there is no professional scientific research institution in China to conduct in-depth research, and no mature solution has been formed, There are still considerable difficulties in the application of technology. At this stage, the following problems need to be solved in the field of cold regeneration technology.

(1)沒有充分考慮施工設備機械結構和工作參數對再生效果的影響。目前，國內外大多數就地冷再生設備的再生鼓為聯組三角帶定速比皮帶傳動方式，其銑刨刀具的切削線速度為定值。個別小功率再生設備雖然采用變量液壓系統驅動，具有再生鼓轉速連續可調功能，但與大中型就地冷再生設備一樣，都沒有真正實現再生鼓工作轉速(對應銑刨刀具線速度)與設備行走速度、再生深度的自動匹配。這使得在不同再生深度工況下，設備的行走速度不同，再生鼓對舊瀝青路面的切削量也會隨之發生變化，從而使再生混合料的粒徑和級配處于一種連續的波動變化狀態。如果施工過程中沒有對各相關參數及時進行控制和調整，在某一工況的某一時段就可能由于工作參數的不匹配，使得再生料粒徑規格超出級配設計范圍，形成不合格混合料，終影響養護或維修工程的再生質量。

(1) The influence of mechanical structure and working parameters of construction equipment on regeneration effect is not fully considered. At present, the regeneration drum of most in-situ cold regeneration equipment at home and abroad is a combined V-belt constant speed ratio belt transmission mode, and the cutting linear speed of its milling tool is a fixed value. Although some small power regeneration equipment is driven by variable hydraulic system and has the function of continuous adjustable speed of regeneration drum, like large and medium-sized local cold regeneration equipment, it does not really realize the automatic matching between the working speed of regeneration drum (corresponding to the linear speed of milling cutter) and the walking speed and regeneration depth of the equipment. This makes the walking speed of the equipment different under the working conditions of different regeneration depths, and the cutting amount of the regeneration drum on the old asphalt pavement will also change accordingly, so that the particle size and gradation of the recycled mixture are in a continuous fluctuating state. If the relevant parameters are not controlled and adjusted in time during the construction process, the particle size specification of recycled materials may exceed the range of grading design due to the mismatch of working parameters in a certain period of time under a certain working condition, forming unqualified mixtures, which will eventually affect the regeneration quality of maintenance or repair projects.

(2)沒有充分考慮工作裝置機械結構特性對再生料的拌和均勻性和級配影響。作為銑拌類養護設備中的兩款核心機型，瀝青路面就地冷再生機和冷銑刨機在技術發展和設備應用方面同根同源，有著相同的技術基礎，但卻有著不同的發展方向。就地冷再生機的再生工作裝置是再生鼓，冷銑刨機的銑刨工作裝置是銑刨鼓，二者都是通過轉子轉動，帶動其上面分布的切削刀具對路面進行銑削。但是，就地冷再生考慮更多的是，再生鼓上刀具排布對再生瀝青混合料粒徑的控制，并保證再生料的充分拌和，還要考慮二次破碎時滾筒外緣與刀具之間所形成空間的合理性，以保證再生料的均勻性和終級配。

(2) The influence of the mechanical structure characteristics of the working device on the mixing uniformity and gradation of recycled materials was not fully considered. As the two core models of milling and mixing maintenance equipment, asphalt pavement in situ cold recycling machine and cold milling machine share the same root and the same technical foundation in terms of technical development and equipment application, but they have different development directions. The regeneration device of the local cold regeneration machine is the regeneration drum, and the milling device of the cold milling machine is the milling drum. Both of them drive the cutting tools distributed on it to mill the road surface through the rotation of the rotor. However, in-situ cold regeneration considers more about the control of the particle size of recycled asphalt mixture by the arrangement of cutters on the regeneration drum and the full mixing of recycled materials. It also considers the rationality of the space formed between the outer edge of the drum and the cutters during secondary crushing, so as to ensure the uniformity and final grading of recycled materials.

(3)沒有充分考慮銑刨切削作業及公路自身特性對再生料的拌和均勻性與級配的影響。就地冷再生機在進行瀝青層就地再生或穩定層就地再生的施工過程中，由于刀具對原有舊混合料的銑刨破碎作業，部分混合料的骨料粒徑破碎變小，同時又有部分再生混合料(包括瀝青混凝土混合料)經破碎后粒徑滿足要求，充當了再生料骨料的角色，再生銑刨物料的級配發生了較大變化；另外，路面前期維修養護時，不同施工期、不同工藝要求修筑的路基或路面(包括瀝青路面)性能存在較大的差異，尤其是使用時間較長、病害類型較多或發生多次損壞的公路，在再生過程中，不同的養護作業和施工工藝使得后期路面的各種參數相比原設計參數生產了不同程度的偏離。這些影響再生效果的因素都不可能在就地冷再生施工方案設計中予以充分考慮，并且不會在后期施工過程中全部排除，因而會使再生料的均勻性和級配的性能恢復效果大打折扣。

(3) The influence of milling and cutting operations and highway characteristics on the mixing uniformity and gradation of recycled materials was not fully considered. During the construction process of in-situ regeneration of asphalt layer or in-situ regeneration of stable layer, due to the milling and crushing of the original old mixture by the cutter, the aggregate particle size of some mixtures becomes smaller. At the same time, the particle size of some recycled mixtures (including asphalt concrete mixtures) meets the requirements after crushing, playing the role of recycled aggregate, and the gradation of recycled milled materials has changed greatly; In addition, during the early maintenance of pavement, there are great differences in the performance of subgrade or pavement (including asphalt pavement) built in different construction periods and process requirements, especially for roads that have been used for a long time, have more disease types or have been damaged for many times. During the regeneration process, different maintenance operations and construction processes make various parameters of the later pavement deviate from the original design parameters to varying degrees. These factors that affect the regeneration effect cannot be fully considered in the design of in-situ cold regeneration construction scheme, and will not be completely eliminated in the later construction process, which will greatly reduce the uniformity of recycled materials and the performance recovery effect of grading.

(4)現有就地冷再生技術沒有充分考慮恢復和利用舊瀝青材料中瀝青的性能，影響就地冷再生技術在高速公路及高等級瀝青公路養護領域的推廣應用。目前的就地冷再生通過將瀝青層(全部或部分)材料、基層材料再生料混合作為滿足所需承載力的基層材料使用，降低了再生料的使用等級。這些材料雖然具有一定的強度、剛度和水穩性，但由于是將再生料中的舊瀝青與舊混合料一起作為骨料使用，沒有充分考慮再生混合料中舊瀝青的性能恢復，只能在縣、鄉村道路翻修或國、省道的基層修筑中使用，不能在高等級公路的瀝青面層全面推廣應用。通過數據對比發現，老化瀝青混合料相對性能優良的新瀝青結合料，其粘性過高、柔韌性不足等常規路用性能上的不足，嚴重影響了再生料的全面使用。因此再生瀝青混合料的質量與廠拌熱再生料和熱拌瀝青混合料的質量存在一定的差距，不能滿足瀝青混合料的面層質量標準，基于以上原因，在沒有新的技術出現前，冷再生料只能用于柔性基層或半剛性基層的基層和底基層。所以，通過改善再生料中已老化瀝青在粘稠性、薄膜粘結力等方面的性能參數，加快對恢復和利用再生瀝青混合料中瀝青成分方面的研究，恢復其路用性能，是今后就地冷再生技術研究的一個重點。

(4) The existing in-situ cold recycling technology does not fully consider the recovery and utilization of the performance of asphalt in old asphalt materials, which affects the promotion and application of in-situ cold recycling technology in the field of Expressway and high-grade asphalt highway maintenance. The current in-situ cold recycling reduces the use level of recycled materials by mixing asphalt layer (all or part) materials and recycled base materials as base materials to meet the required bearing capacity. Although these materials have certain strength, stiffness and water stability, because the old asphalt in the recycled material is used together with the old mixture as aggregate, the performance recovery of the old asphalt in the recycled mixture is not fully considered, so they can only be used in the renovation of county and rural roads or the base construction of national and provincial roads, and cannot be fully promoted and applied in the asphalt surface course of high-grade highways. Through data comparison, it is found that the new asphalt binder with good relative performance of aging asphalt mixture has deficiencies in conventional road performance such as high viscosity and insufficient flexibility, which seriously affects the comprehensive use of recycled materials. Therefore, there is a certain gap between the quality of recycled asphalt mixture and that of plant mixed hot recycled asphalt mixture and hot mixed asphalt mixture, which cannot meet the surface quality standard of asphalt mixture. Based on the above reasons, before the emergence of new technology, cold recycled asphalt can only be used for the base and subbase of flexible base or semi-rigid base. Therefore, by improving the performance parameters of the aged asphalt in the recycled material in terms of viscosity, film adhesion and so on, accelerating the research on the recovery and utilization of the asphalt components in the recycled asphalt mixture and restoring its road performance is a key point of the research on the in-situ cold recycling technology in the future.

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